Explore the world of Mac. Check out MacBook Pro, iMac Pro, MacBook Air, iMac and more. Visit the Apple site to learn, buy and get support. Mac OS X 10.1 (code named Puma) is the second major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system.It superseded Mac OS X 10.0 and preceded Mac OS X 10.2.Version 10.1 was released on September 25, 2001 as a free update for Mac OS X 10.0 users. The operating system was handed out for no charge by Apple employees after Steve Jobs' keynote speech at the Seybold publishing. The Macintosh ' System 1 ' is the first version of Apple Macintosh operating system and the beginning of the classic Mac OS series. It was developed for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. System 1 was released on January 24, 1984, along with the Macintosh 128K, the first in the Macintosh family of personal computers.
| A version of the classic Mac OS operating system | |
| Developer | Apple Computer, Inc. |
|---|---|
| OS family | Macintosh |
| Source model | Closed source |
| Released to manufacturing | January 24, 1984; 37 years ago |
| Latest release | 1.1 / December 29, 1984; 36 years ago |
| Kernel type | Monolithic |
| License | Proprietary |
| Succeeded by | System 2 |
| Support status | |
| Archaic, unsupported | |
The Macintosh 'System 1' is the first version of AppleMacintosh operating system and the beginning of the classic Mac OS series. It was developed for the Motorola 68000microprocessor. System 1 was released on January 24, 1984, along with the Macintosh 128K, the first in the Macintosh family of personal computers. It received one update, 'System 1.1' on December 29, 1984, before being succeeded by System 2.[1]
Features[edit]
This operating system introduced many features that would appear for years to come, some that still exist in the current macOS, and a few that exist in other graphical operating systems such as Microsoft Windows.
The features of the operating system included the Finder and menu bar. Software for macbook pro free download. In addition to this, it popularized the graphical user interface and desktop metaphor, which was used under license from Xerox PARC.
Due to the limited amount of random-access memory and the lack of an internal hard disk in the original Macintosh, there was no multitasking with multiple applications, although there were desktop accessories that could run while another application was loaded. Also, items in the Trash were permanently deleted when the computer was shut down or an application was loaded (quitting the Finder).
System 1's total size is about 216 KB and contained six files: System (which includes the desk accessories), Finder, Clipboard, an Imagewriter printer driver, Scrapbook, and Note Pad.[2] A separate diskette included 'A Guided Tour of Macintosh', which contains tutorial demonstrations of the Macintosh system, running on a modified pre-release version of Finder 1.0, as well as training programs for learning to use the mouse, and the Finder. Also included was a 33-minute audio cassette designed to run alongside the demonstrations, emphasising the disk's purpose as a guided tour.[3]
Menu bar[edit]
The menu bar was a new and revolutionary part of the OS.[citation needed] Similar to the one found on Lisa OS, the System 1 Finder had five menus: the Apple menu, File, Edit, View, and Special. When in an application, the menus would change to ones defined by the application, but most software retained at least the File and Edit menus.[4]
While within the Finder, the Apple menu contained the 'About the Finder' information, along with the desktop accessories. 'File' menu items included Open, Eject, and Close. 'Edit' had entries for cutting, copying, and pasting. 'Special' was used for managing the hardware and other system functions, and was always the rightmost entry on the menu bar in the Finder. In System 1, the menu had items related to emptying the Trash, cleaning up the desktop, and disk options. By System 1.1, the menu allowed the user to choose an alternate startup program to be run instead of the Finder at boot time; the feature was replaced in System 7 by the 'Startup Items' folder in the System Folder.[citation needed]
Desk accessories[edit]
System 1 came with multiple desk accessories (DA). These included an Alarm Clock, Calculator, Control Panel, Key Caps, Note Pad, Puzzle, and Scrapbook. A difference between desktop accessories and applications is that multiple desktop accessories could be run at once but only one application could run at a time. Desk accessories could also run on top of an application.
- Alarm Clock — This DA could be used just like an alarm clock, as the computer would beep, and the menu bar would flash when the alarm's set time was reached. It could also be used as an easier way to change/set the time and date on the computer. When opened, it would show the time and date set on the computer.
- Calculator — A basic calculator capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It featured the basic 18 buttons for input.
- Control Panel — The control panel was used to adjust some of the settings on the computer. What made the original control panel unique from subsequent Mac OS control panels was the intended absence of any text. This was chosen to demonstrate the graphical user interface. Representation was achieved by using symbols. It could be used to adjust settings such as volume, double click speed, mouse sensitivity, and desktop background. On the Macintosh 128K, Macintosh 512K, and the Macintosh Plus, the screen brightness was controlled by a mechanical adjustment wheel beneath the screen.
- Key Caps — A DA used to show the layout of the original Macintosh keyboard. It showed what happened when normal keys were pressed along with special characters (Command, Shift, Option).
- Note Pad — A note taking DA that would save text entered into it on the floppy disk. Multiple note pages could be written when using the folded corner symbol in the bottom left corner of the note page.
- Puzzle — A basic 1-15 slide puzzle, similar to the picture puzzle found in later versions of the Mac OS.
- Scrapbook — This DA was similar to a cut, copy, and paste library. In it, one could store text selections and photos which could then be transferred to other applications.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Mesa, Andy. 'The Early Mac OS'. The Apple Museum. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
- ^Pogue, David (January 1997). MacWorld Macintosh Secrets 4th Edition - Part 1: System Software Revealed(PDF). Hungry Minds. p. 216.
- ^'First Versions: Apple Mac OS'. First Versions. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ^Conachey, Andrew. 'Innovative Macintosh System 1'. Low End Mac. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
External links[edit]
- Macintosh System 1 in your browser – A web-based simulator
- System 1.0 Headquarters — a walkthrough of System 1 with screenshots (from 1998, via archive.org)
| Preceded by | System 1 1984 | Succeeded by System 2 |
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| R-4.0.5.pkg (notarized and signed) SHA1-hash: 2f683b3c10f1a9aad927236636abef02285b6132 (ca. 85MB) | R 4.0.5 binary for macOS 10.13 (High Sierra) and higher, signed and notarized package. Contains R 4.0.5 framework, R.app GUI 1.74 in 64-bit for Intel Macs, Tcl/Tk 8.6.6 X11 libraries and Texinfo 6.7. The latter two components are optional and can be ommitted when choosing 'custom install', they are only needed if you want to use the tcltk R package or build package documentation from sources. Note: the use of X11 (including tcltk) requires XQuartz to be installed since it is no longer part of OS X. Always re-install XQuartz when upgrading your macOS to a new major version. Also please do not install beta versions of XQuartz (even if offered). This release supports Intel Macs, but it is also known to work using Rosetta2 on M1-based Macs. Native Apple silicon binary is expected for R 4.1.0 if support for Fortran sabilizes, for experimental builds and updates see mac.R-project.org. Important: this release uses Xcode 12.4 and GNU Fortran 8.2. If you wish to compile R packages from sources, you will need to download GNU Fortran 8.2 - see the tools directory. |
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Note: Previous R versions for El Capitan can be found in the el-capitan/base directory.Binaries for legacy OS X systems: | |
| R-3.6.3.nn.pkg (signed) SHA1-hash: c462c9b1f9b45d778f05b8d9aa25a9123b3557c4 (ca. 77MB) | R 3.6.3 binary for OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) and higher, signed package. Contains R 3.6.3 framework, R.app GUI 1.70 in 64-bit for Intel Macs, Tcl/Tk 8.6.6 X11 libraries and Texinfo 5.2. The latter two components are optional and can be ommitted when choosing 'custom install', they are only needed if you want to use the tcltk R package or build package documentation from sources. |
| R-3.3.3.pkg MD5-hash: 893ba010f303e666e19f86e4800f1fbf SHA1-hash: 5ae71b000b15805f95f38c08c45972d51ce3d027 (ca. 71MB) | R 3.3.3 binary for Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) and higher, signed package. Contains R 3.3.3 framework, R.app GUI 1.69 in 64-bit for Intel Macs, Tcl/Tk 8.6.0 X11 libraries and Texinfo 5.2. The latter two components are optional and can be ommitted when choosing 'custom install', it is only needed if you want to use the tcltk R package or build package documentation from sources. Note: the use of X11 (including tcltk) requires XQuartz to be installed since it is no longer part of OS X. Always re-install XQuartz when upgrading your OS X to a new major version. |
| R-3.2.1-snowleopard.pkg MD5-hash: 58fe9d01314d9cb75ff80ccfb914fd65 SHA1-hash: be6e91db12bac22a324f0cb51c7efa9063ece0d0 (ca. 68MB) | R 3.2.1 legacy binary for Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) - 10.8 (Mountain Lion), signed package. Contains R 3.2.1 framework, R.app GUI 1.66 in 64-bit for Intel Macs. This package contains the R framework, 64-bit GUI (R.app), Tcl/Tk 8.6.0 X11 libraries and Texinfop 5.2. GNU Fortran is NOT included (needed if you want to compile packages from sources that contain FORTRAN code) please see the tools directory. NOTE: the binary support for OS X before Mavericks is being phased out, we do not expect further releases! |
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Last modified: 2021/03/31, by Simon Urbanek